Watt Gel
I have a 45 watt solar array how long would it take this to charge a 90 amp hour 12v gel battery?
Hey J, the three previous answers are on the right track, but there some oversights. A 45 watt array that is set up for 12 volt battery charging will actually be wired for 18 volts open circuit voltage. Panel manufactureres use a formula of open circuit voltage X short circuit current to get their array wattage, but in actual practice, the array voltage will degrade to the battery voltage during the entire charge cycle. Basically, the 45 watt array at 18 volts has an amp rating of 2.5 amps. In direct sunlight at full power, it would take the array 36 hours to pump 90 amp hours into your battery. But then there are the battery losses. A new gel cell will typically wast 6% of the charge current in lost heat, an older one could be as much as 30%. If we assume the battery is less than 3 years old and in good condition, it will store 90% of it's incoming charge, so your 36 hours becomes about 40. In the midwest,you can count on 6 to 7 hours of equivalent solar insolation on a totally clear day. So since it is dark at night, and your array will not put out full power before 10 am or after 3 pm due to sun angle, you would need about 7 good sunny days to take your 90 amp hour battery from empty to full.
It's probably more than you thought, and this assumes you are not using any of the power for the entire sunny week while it's charging the battery. These are the realities of living in a solar home. Our home has been powered by the wind and sun for over 10 years now, some of this we researched ahead of time, and some we learned the hard way. I'll list some resources below if you want to look further into it. Good luck, and take care, Rudydoo
Tutorial: How to do UV Gel Nails at home
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