Deepest Sea
Why do deep-sea organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents? What is their energy source?
Why do deep-sea organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents? What is their energy source?
There are a multitude of reasons. I will take a stab at it.
1) Heat: In the depths that the vents are found, the pressure is so great that the water can drop below zero degrees centigrade. Chemical processes occur faster with rising temperature, so naturally, all of the biological processes require less energy.
2) Structure: In the vastness of the abyssal plains, a pillar of minerals is quite the place to hide. The same phenomenon can be seen in reefs and kelp forests. Beyond the structure is the void of the pelagic zone. Everyone crowds in, and since the big fish eat the little fish, so to speak, everyone is happy.
3) The minerals: Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) and all sorts of other stuff is spewing out of these. There are chemosynthetic (like photosynthesis, but using chemicals instead of light) bacteria that break the H2S and use that energy to complete a chain of reactions ultimately ending in the formation of a sugar. They are very much the basis of the food chain. There are a multitude of organisms that harbor such organisms within their gut and are able to gain energy through the metabolic wastes of the bacteria, and by digesting the bacteria themselves. Again, the big fish eat the little fish....bigger organisms who aren't dependent upon the H2S move in and eat, then onward and upward.
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